
Ühistranspordireform kannatab mitmendat aastat samade murede all
Public Transport Reform Suffers from the Same Issues for Several Years
Mitme aasta eest alustatud liikuvusreform on vahepeal muutunud ühistranspordireformiks, aga eesmärk on sama – viia inimesed kiiresti, tõhusalt ja meeldivalt ühest kohast teise. Endiselt on aga valdkonnas puudu rahast ning konkreetseid lahendusi probleemidele sõnastatud pole.
The mobility reform initiated several years ago has since turned into a public transport reform, but the goal remains the same – to move people quickly, efficiently, and pleasantly from one place to another. However, the sector still lacks funding, and no specific solutions to the problems have been formulated.
The structure of the public transport network is simple: there are long-distance lines, i.e., trains and buses between major hubs, there is scheduled movement with an interval of one to two hours every day from morning to evening, and there are county lines and local lines. The current problems are that public transport is not attractive, it runs infrequently, and it is not convenient. By 2030, everything should change: the network will become more efficient, people will discover the charm of public transport, it will be faster, and the state will receive more ticket revenue. Unfortunately, this is only beautiful on paper, because in general, Estonia is currently very car-centric – almost half of urban residents use a car, and in rural areas, a car is naturally even more necessary. Therefore, about one-third of people use public transport in the city, and less than that in rural areas. One-fifth also travels by bicycle.
After the last parliamentary elections, a nice dream made it into the coalition agreement – part of the revenue from the car tax was supposed to go towards improving public transport. Visions were heard of a faster and more convenient public transport network that would also entice lifelong car drivers to travel around Estonia by bus, train, or ferry. The entire concept was broadly based on three pillars. The first was the rail network in five directions across Estonia. The second was the consolidation of bus and rail transport. The third was punctuality and demand-based service.
The implementation of the entire vision began to be dictated by money. The room for maneuver was within the limits of existing resources. According to Maikl Aunapuu, the director of the Tartumaa Public Transport Center, this is where things started to get hot. The maximum has already been done within the framework of existing resources, but more money is needed for quality. At the same time, there was a shortage of 30 million euros just to fulfill existing contracts.
We already had related obligations, and a lot of emphasis was placed on keeping the existing bus lines operational. With this, we were able to essentially maintain the current situation, but we could not offer anything additional. In hindsight, we can say that it did not materialize in this form. But if we do not have additional money to open a new bus line, the question immediately arises: do we then close another bus line? No public transport center will take this step. So in this sense, we are prisoners of the existing network. And at the same time, suburbanization actually increases public transport costs, because we have to serve an increasingly large, increasingly sprawling territory.
For example, from the Karumaa stop, you cannot directly take a bus to Tartu at 9 o'clock now. During the week, two buses run from the Karumaa stop towards Tartu, on weekends you can get to the big city with one bus, but the question is: how to get back from Tartu?
Two years have passed. While the car tax is now a reality, the mobility reform has changed its name and leaders. The new minister is Hendrik Johannes Terras. He says that the current public transport organization is fragmented and new changes are needed.
One of the key words experts point to when looking to the future is speed. The faster public transport travels compared to a car, the more potential it has. Speed enhancement has its role in railways. Simply, no other mode of transport allows us to significantly speed up public transport in Estonia as much as it is now. Only with trains can we actually increase the speed. There are projects for this in both the Tallinn–Narva and Tallinn–Tartu directions.
Secondly, Estonia is small enough, but at the same time, it is still immensely large. The same goes for the network, because what works in Tallinn does not work on the shores of Lake Peipsi.
Demand-based solutions are possible. In the future, it may be that a bus will not go to every area without demand, and a person will have to give notice a day in advance. Accessibility will not suffer from this.
Public transport centers are waiting for closer cooperation with the state. Currently, there is a lack of technical solutions that would help make the ticket system more uniform. At the same time, it is not reasonable for each center to organize tenders on its own.
For demand-based transport, the social climate fund is important. There may be money there for demand-based public transport. It depends on whether the application is successful or not.
The new minister is recommended to focus on clear and specific directions. Not everything can be fixed in one or two years, but clear projects should be taken and financial coverage found for them.
Minister Terras says that funding is related to both the state budget and the structure of the reform. The goal is to strategically direct money to the most important places.