You can't really command a tourist. They've come to enjoy, relax, and experience something special. At the same time, environmental behavior and sustainability are important in the tourism sector in Estonia and Europe.
Researchers from the University of Tartu studied how to make tourist behavior more environmentally friendly. They spoke with 13 experts working in the tourism sector. The experts said that tourists behave more sustainably when infrastructure, communication, and cooperation work well.
Environmental behavior means that tourists sort waste, save water and energy. They use public transport and follow local rules. Tourists can also bring their own water bottles and avoid causing harm to natural areas.
Environmental behavior can be supported by the destination's system. For example, better infrastructure, information, and signage can be provided. Destination management organizations (DMOs) should be responsible for this.
In Estonia, there are some problems. Many municipalities lack sufficient skills and resources for tourism development. Digital information channels are fragmented, and tourists don't always find the necessary information. There is also no nationwide system of metrics for environmental behavior.
At the same time, sustainability has a firm place in Estonia's tourism policy. The DMO reform aims to reduce system fragmentation. Infrastructure that enables nature visits, such as health trails, is also being developed.
Tourist choices can be guided by behavioral science principles. More environmentally friendly choices should be convenient, cheap, and normal. Public space should offer opportunities for eco-friendly behavior.
Estonia should clearly define the goals and metrics of environmental behavior. It is also worth investing in eco-friendly conditions and infrastructure. DMOs should act as coordinators and connect businesses, municipalities, and tourists.
Sustainable tourism may require unpopular decisions, such as limiting visitor numbers or restricting car access. Policymakers should make decisions that temporarily reduce tourist comfort but help the environment.