Scientists from the University of Tartu have studied Estonians' genes. They found over 200 genes that affect body weight. These genes can make people eat more or eat less.
Genes and environment influence body weight equally. When food is abundant, genes can cause people to gain weight quickly. In young people, the effect of genes is stronger because their lifestyle is not yet established.
Many genes do not affect metabolism but rather the functioning of the brain. They influence how we feel hunger or fullness. For example, the POMC gene controls the feeling of fullness. In some Estonians, this gene does not work well, and they do not feel that their stomach is full.
In Estonia, there are more of these genes than in other parts of the world. This may be the reason why some Estonians gain weight more easily. Now, scientists want to understand how these genes affect the effectiveness of weight-loss medications.
We cannot change genes, but we can learn how they work. This helps in finding better solutions for weight control. Diet, exercise, and sleep remain very important.
Genes do not determine our fate. We can still make choices that help us stay healthy. Knowledge about genes helps us understand why weight control is harder for some.