There have been cases in Estonia where individuals convicted of crimes have changed their names multiple times. For example, one man has carried four different names. He has been convicted of fraud and embezzlement. Currently, he bears the name Ilya Dalberg. Previously, he went by the names Ilja Morozov and Ilya Birev.
His trial concluded in 2025. According to the court verdict, he must go to prison for five years. His spouse and another man also received punishments.
Another example is Hando Hanschmidt. He has also changed his name several times. Previously, he carried the names Palm and Mäesalu. He has been convicted of major tax fraud.
The Ministry of the Interior states that there must be a valid reason for changing a name. Usually, a name can be changed once. If the reason is truly compelling, it can be done multiple times. If one marries or divorces, the name can also be changed.
If a person has committed a very serious crime, they might not be able to change their name. For example, murder or dealing with narcotics. In this case, the state may prohibit a name change.
A name can also be changed if the old name is too complicated or bad. Or if a person wants to carry their grandparents' name. If a person has committed a crime, they cannot change their name for that reason.
The Ministry of the Interior does not know who has changed their name the most times in Estonia. The Name Act lists many different reasons why a person may change their name.